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Monday, October 3, 2011

S.Maria Teresa Fasce in Rome

He was born in Torriglia (Genoa). In a strong-willed, loving recollection and prayer, however, was spirited and lively, ready for action at any time the opportunity presented itself for a good initiative. The monastic ideal sang early in the heart, but rather had to beg and suffer before you can obtain consent to enter the oasis to which God was calling her.

The Monastery of St. Rita in Cascia, received her postulant to 25 years, 6 June 1906. On Christmas night, the Lord gave his youth, wearing the dress of Augustine and the following year, in the same solemnity, sanctioned religious vows with his immolation. Since 1914, the young novices were the Master of example and word. From 1917 to 1920, was vicar of the Monastery. From 1920 until his death, by a unanimous vote, and three-year period unchanged, the nuns took him and became abbess, by definition, "Mother". Testimony clear, lively, beautiful, superior of his activities were and are the works that she became pregnant and was able to realize. First of all the church of S. Rita and the dissemination of the cult of this wonderful Santa in all parts of the world. The small narrow church that he found when he entered the monastery and even kept the body of the holy miracle-workers, before she was virtually unknown. Today the Basilica is visited by hundreds of thousands of pilgrims from all walks of life who pursue it through the newsletter, from bees to roses, which she herself created in 1923, and that, by S. Rita, come closer to God was the dream of the mother in a letter de11943 called for the end of World War presaged: We hope that soon the Lord will make the grace of peaceful conclusion, and then people will see an infinite Cascia pardoned.

In the shadow of the temple were greeted by his big heart that today the orphans, many, live in the modern "Beehive S. Rita. " Around the monastery, irradiation of his life, there are other wonderful works: the hospital S. Rita, the retreat house. The love and the suffering of Mother Theresa were and are the lifeblood. He bore with great fortitude and spirit of physical suffering and spiritual faith. He died peacefully January 18, 1947, at 66 years of age. Her incorrupt body rests in the crypt of the Basilica of Cascia, near the Santa who immensely loved and wait in peace, the hour of glory. She was beatified by Pope John Paul II on12 October 1997. The liturgical memorial of the Blessed Maria Teresa bands is celebrated on October 12. S November 11, 1952, at 23.30 Central Prison were shot in the city of Sofia, the capital of Bulgaria, three religious Assumptionist Bulgarian, fathers Vitchev Kamen, Pavel Djidjov Chichkov and Josaphat. With them was a bishop was shot Bulgarian, Passionist, Eugene Bossilkov. A ruling of 3 October condemning to death the four men. It was the final act of totally invented a process based on charges of spying for the Vatican, conspiracy and attempt to be at the service of capitalism. Mgr Bossilkov Eugene was beatified by Pope John Paul II in Rome, March 15, 1998. The process of canonization of the three Fathers Assumptionist was not introduced at the same time not compromising fifteen other religious Assumptionist Bulgarians, who had already been imprisoned or who still exercised a ministry, but in any case closely watched by the political police of the regime Bulgarian Communist orders from Moscow.

For years there has not known the date of their execution as it has been possible to consult the archives of the Ministry of Interior only after the fall of communist regimes in the satellite countries of the former Soviet Union. The bodies of four martyrs of the faith have not been found since buried in a mass grave. Several witnesses testify to the martyrdom of these men, and holiness of God November 11, 2000, in Plovdiv, the ex-students of what college was the great assumption of this city, have inaugurated a monument in memory of their martyrdom, with the help of the municipality. To understand what happened today in 1952, we must return to the little known history of Bulgaria, the Bulgarian on Christianity, because the presence of recruitment in this country since 1863 and on these three assumptions that martyrs who sacrificed their lives for their faith in God, in one night in November 1952.
These three religious Assumptionist Bulgarian men of their time, teachers and builders of unity between the churches of different rites were executed because of the hatred against the faith and their influence on youth in the prison of Sofia (Bulgaria) during the night from 11 to 12 November 1952. They have been declared martyrs of the faith 18 April 2002 and beatified by Pope John Paul II, in Plovdiv, May 26, 2002.

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S.Grazia da Cattaro in Rome

Blessed Grace was born at mulla, a small village in the picturesque bay of Kotor, Kotor today, on the Dalmatian coast, then the most important center of the gulf and the diocese. In 1423 the city was subjected to worship freely in Venice and had thus retained their independence. The long domination of the Venetians still reflected in the architecture of the city which, thanks to the link with Venice, had become a bustling port and rich merchants, sailors and fishermen.

Grace was a man of the sea and remained so until the age of thirty. In one of his trips came at a church in Venice and was won by a sermon of Augustinianism Simon of Camerino, so much that he decided to join the Order. He was accepted into the monastery of Monte Horton near Padua as a lay brother. This monastery was the cradle of a new congregation of the Order, formed then in Italy, together with the other and was distinguished by great zeal for the discipline. He was accepted in 1433 by the Prior General Gerardo da Rimini Province and annexed to the district of Treviso, with the condition that would house only those brothers firmly loyal to the ideals of the reform of the Order. Grace's brother, who worked in the garden, soon gained the esteem and gratitude of the entire community. When two other monasteries of the reform entered the Order, the congregation was officially erected. Between 1472 and 1474 Simon of Camerino appears in general registers, as the Vicar. After these years, Grace was sent to St. Christopher in Venice and in this city, died on 8 November 1508. Outside of these few news and worship, which is still bestowed the Order and in its country of origin, we do not know much of grace. The biography in Italian of Lazzerini (1643) and Latin Elisha of Jesus and Mary (1677) have documented foundations. But the accounts of its austerity of life and the prodigious power of his intercession give witness to his reputation for holiness.

The cult was ratified in 1889 by Leo XIII. His relics rest in the Church of Mulla (Muo) near Kotor. On 3 November 1534 the English Parliament declared that the king was the supreme head of the Church in England. It was so official, enforced and compulsory for all subjects the schism of England from the Catholic Church. To men no choice but to choose one of three possibilities: to swear loyalty to the king and leave the religious life, to take refuge abroad or face imprisonment and death. Father John Stone, of the Augustinian convent of Canterbury, the choice is more consistent with his faith. When an agent of the king, December 14, 1538, came to the convent with orders to close the house of religion and community members to sign the oath of allegiance, many submitted themselves for fear, p. John did not. Put in prison and then taken in front of the prime minister Thomas Cromwell, he tried to persuade him to adhere to the schism. But nothing and nobody could persuade him. Indeed, in the twelve months in prison that followed his capture, of his own accord would add more to the already numerous penances suffering that were inflicted, to have the strength to remain faithful to Christ in the moment of supreme witness. Finally, the trial and sentence: the "papist" was sentenced to death.

The December 27, 1539 a slow and mournful procession wound through the streets of Canterbury. P. John, lying on a trellis and tied dragged by a horse, and was led through the city on a hill outside the walls, where he was hanged. Then, according to the barbarous custom of the time, his body was quartered and the remains were boiled in a cauldron.
In Chamberlain's account book of Canterbury is a list of expenses paid by the municipality for the timber used for the construction of the gallows and the noose: "Paid for a half ton of wood for a gallows with which to hang the Friar Stone: 2s 6d. ". Beatified by Pope Leo X in 1886, Paul VI October 25, 1970 declared him a saint, along with 39 other martyrs, priests, religious and lay men and women killed for the truth and the unity of the Church.

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S.Ezechiele in Rome

Alfaro was born in (Logroño - Spain). Following the example of his brother, in 1864 he took the religious habit in the convent of the Augustinian Recollects of Monteagudo. Posted in Philippines, in 1871 he was ordained a priest, and there he did his first apostolic works.The provincial chapter of 1885 f.Ezechiele appointed Prior of the convent of Monteagudo. No one better than him, a missionary of great experience with a halo of a saint, could stir the hearts of young love for missions. Completion of their term, offered as a volunteer to restore the Augustinian Order in Colombia. His first goal will be to restore the religious observance in the community. He was convinced that only good men can be true apostles, and he was burning to reactivate the mission of Casanare, where the Augustinian Recollects had taught the Gospel for many years.

In 1893, famous now for his missionary zeal and his virtues, was appointed Vicar Apostolic of Casanare, and two years later Bishop of Pasto. In the new mission waiting for difficult situations and to love: humiliation, ridicule, slander, persecution and even abandonment by his immediate superior. Friend of truth and of the souls entrusted to him, did not hesitate to endanger his life for his sheep, like the good shepherd. On the occasion of a controversy stirred up around him for the firmness with which he defended the faith, took advantage of the visit ad Limina in 1898 to present the resignation to Pope Leo XIII. The pope, however, did not accept it. He returned to his diocese in which the expected horrors of a ruthless civil war. In 1905 he was suffering from a cruel disease that will savor every last drop the cup of sorrow. He returned to Spain to undergo several operations to conform more to Christ, refused anesthesia, enduring pain without complaint and with an heroic fortitude as well as to move the surgeon and his assistants. Knowing that he was near death, he wanted to spend the last days of his life in his beloved monastery of Monteagudo. He died August 19, 1906. He was buried at the foot of the altar of the church of Our Lady of the Way.
Paul VI beatified him on November 1, 1975 Holy Year. He was canonized in the city of Santo Domingo on October 11, 1992 by John Paul II presented to the world as an example of a pastor and missionary in the fifth centenary of the evangelization of America.

Sunday, October 28, has lived a great event and the Augustinian Church: 498 Spanish martyrs were beatified in the twentieth century by Cardinal Jose Saraiva Martins (Prefect of the Congregation for the Causes of Saints), St. Peter's Square, Rome. All of these martyrs were victims of persecution against the Christian faith during the Spanish Civil War and the years that preceded. From 1934 to 1939, especially in the last three years, the victims were counted more than 7,000 priests, monks and nuns, and lay more than 3,500. 98 of the Augustinians were beatified - the 155 who lost their lives during those years. About 40,000 relatives, comrades, friends and brothers of faith have found themselves in St. Peter's Square for the celebration. Were also many belonging to religious institutions from which came the martyrs. There were representatives of the four provinces of Spain along with other Augustinian Augustinians of other countries and districts. The Augustinian martyrs belonged mainly to the Augustinian Province of Madrid and the Escorial (68) and the Augustinian Province of Spain (29). Another, at the hour of death, resided in the Monastery of the Escorial, but belonged to the Province of Chile The age of the martyrs ranged as follows: 12 were still under the age of 20, 19 had 20 to 30 years, 17 had 30 to 40 years, 19 had 40-50 years, 18 had 50 to 60 years, and 13 had 60 to 70 years. The community was one of the more martyrs "Monasterio de El Escorial." He followed that of the Monastery of Uclés (Cuenca), the "House-Enfermería" in Caudete (Albacete), the "convent" of Gijón, Santander and Malaga.

He was born in Buenavista de Valdavia (Palencia - Spain) in a modest family of farmers. At age 15 she entered the convent of Valladolid, where he took his first vows in 1897, then moved to the La Vid (Burgos), where he completed his studies and celebrated the first Mass in 1904. Teacher and trainer in the same houses in which it was formed in 1922 was appointed Prior in Valladolid in 1932 and Provincial. In this latter capacity he promptly visited by his religious renewal in the Philippines, China, United States, Colombia and Peru. He was distinguished for his love of harmony without betraying the discipline.
In 1935 he was appointed Bishop of Teruel. I came to give his life for my sheep, said in making his entrance in the diocese. Shortly after the Civil War broke out and Teruel became one of the points where the struggle was harder. The city, situated on the line of fire, was besieged, but he decided to remain in his seat, the side of my sheep. Even if one person remained in the city, the bishop would still have his flock. He had been in for all "Father Polanco ", not only because he is religious, but also because the population was a real father and a good shepherd.

On 8 January 1938, when the city was subjugated by the military republican, gave the dress wearing the insignia of Augustine and the pectoral cross and episcopal ring. In prison, had to endure strong pressure to withdraw its signature from the Spanish episcopate collective letter, in which international public opinion denounced the religious persecution that the Church had made a sign. He knew that the firm, in those times, involved a great risk of death, however, accepted the danger to loyalty to the ecclesial communion with his brothers in the episcopate. Together with his vicar-general Philippe Ripoll, patiently endured imprisonment in which he was held for thirteen months, encouraging fellow prisoners and organizing an intense spiritual life, with piety and practices of meditation, and with him was shot in 1939 and burned on Feb. 7, marks the day when His feast. The mortal remains of two men, who were beatified by Pope John Paul II on 1 October 1995, now rest in the Cathedral of Teruel. Philip Bishop Polanco and Ripoll were beatified by Pope John Paul II, October 1, 1995. His liturgical memorial of Blessed Anselmo Polanco falls on February 7.

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Friday, September 30, 2011

S.Novello in Rome

The Augustine was born in Taranaki (Rieti) around 1240. After studying law at the University of Bologna, he worked at the Registry of the kingdom of Sicily at the court of Manfred. King died in the battle of Benevento (1266), and he himself wounded and sick, decided to change his life. Leaving Sicily, went to the hermitage of Rosia, near Siena, professing as a simple lay brother with the name of Augustine. It is said that during his defense of the rights of the monastery was discovered his true identity.
When then-General of the Augustinian Order from Osimo Clement knew his talents and his virtues, I moved to Rome, where Augustine, said, "Agostino Novello", received the priesthood. Shortly after he was appointed Apostolic Penitentiary by Nicholas IV, and his confessor, who carried out functions for almost 10 years, even under the pontificates of Pope Celestine V and Boniface VIII. During the same period he collaborated in the drafting of the Constitutions of ratisbonensi 1290.
The Chapter meeting in Milan in 1298 for the celebration of Comizi General, in his absence and without even knowing its opinion, the major superior of the Order and elected Boniface VIII confirmed it "without any examination." Humbly accepted the assignment, although reduced to two years, as called in advance to the Chapter in which he renounced generalship. The voters could not change his mind. He ruled with great humanity and justice, by enacting appropriate provisions.

The most prestigious Legislator of the Order, during his training, he spent the last years of life in the hermitage of St. Leonardo al Lago, near Lecceto (Siena), "resting in the shade of Divine contemplation", totally dedicated to prayer and works of charity.
He died in 1309. His body was moved to the church of St. Agostino di Siena, where he represented was blessed with an angel behind the head - "the angel whispered" will become a constant iconographic - a symbol of divine inspiration. Recently, his body was transferred to Termini Imerese in Sicily.

In 1759 Clement XIII approved the devotion beatified. The Augustinian Order commemorates them on May 19 together with that of b. Clement of Osimo. Oring Menabuoi, daughter of humble parents, was born in San Miniato between 1237 and 1240. Lover of purity since childhood, he tried to keep the white mind and heart, devoting herself to small works of mercy. He lived his detachment from the world especially through prayer, especially when as a shepherdess, alone in the fields, he felt "the breath of God" and took care of the flock. She lost her mother, was mistreated by his brothers, who wanted to force her to settle down against her will. He ran away from her and then moved to the nearby city of Lucca, where for seven years, earned a living by working as a maid. There, often gathering in prayer in the solitude of an attic spent the early years of his maturity.
Around 1265, after being on a pilgrimage to the shrine of St. Michael Gargano, stopped in Rome at the service of a noble and pious widow named Margaret, who soon stood admired by his virtues. It was during this period, for examples of Christian charity which she continually offered, began to be called Christian.

Lying to Assisi to venerate the tomb of Margaret S. Francis, "the Lord showed her in a vision, a house built in a place and in a manner in which she then built the monastery of St. Cross ". Returning to his native country willing to put into practice the ideal of religious life that had flourished in the soul, after passing understandable obstacles of all kinds, in 1279 he obtained a house by the City, "in which she could live and others that to join in serving the Lord. " Gave way to the beginning of the monastery of St. Maria Novella and S. Michael, first as a prison, a Franciscan, later under the rule of St. Augustine, who in 1296 was the final canonical recognition. The previous year the Augustinian General Chapter held in Siena, "in consideration of the love that brought the religious Order," had already been admitted to the participation of all spiritual goods. Blessed with extraordinary gifts and charisms as the discernment of spirits, and distinguished for her humility, purity of life and love to all, devoted to the Immaculate Conception of Mary, died in 1310 after three years of unspeakable suffering. She was buried in the church of the monastery that she had managed to become a prestigious center of spirituality.

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S.Guglielmo in Rome

Little is known of this holy hermit, it is certain, however, who was born in France, as a penitent pilgrim who went to many sanctuaries and that, upon return from the Holy Land, found in Tuscany, in the solitude of Malavalle, near Castiglione della Pescaia in the province of Grosseto, the place where you can spend in prayer, silence, fasting and penance in the last years of his life. Did not found a religious order, or wrote a Rule, but the other one and there were thanks to Albert, who calls himself the "servant". They took care of him in recent months and soon they named those who wrote and Regula sancti Consuetudines Guillelmo. After his death in 1157, his tomb was soon visited by many devout pilgrims from Tuscany, Umbria and Lazio from, some of whom remained in Malavalle to imitate the life of a hermit and penitent who revered it as the patron saint . His cult grew to be approved by Pope Alexander III between 1174 and 1181, and received a new impetus when it was confirmed by Innocent III in 1202.

With the devotion to the holy hermit rose foundations of his disciples, who were first extended in Tuscany, Lazio and then in March of Ancona, crossing the Alps with the name of "Order of St. William 'as early as 1244. When eleven years after his disciples were called to be part of the Augustinian Order, had already a number of monasteries in northern France, in the current Belgium, Bohemia and Hungary. He was born in Mantua to the 1168. Lost his father, about 16 years left his mother and wandered as a comedian for the various regions of Italy, who fell ill seriously towards the 1209 set out to change lives and do penance for his sins. Recovered health, began to implement his promise, living first as a solitary, around Bertinoro, and the 1210 - or shortly thereafter - up to 1249 in another place more secluded, called Butriolo at Cesena. There was an immediate followers, who built the first house of the future congregation, but he continued to live in his hermitage. Aware that you were holding a crucifix, an image of the Virgin, a stack for the holy water and a table on which slept in his clothes. The thistles and thorns of the greatest days of penance were replaced, when he was sick, with a little 'straw and two blankets, one on the table and the other to cover himself.

Next to his hermitage was soon built the church of S. Butriolo Mary, where he went every day to hear mass. The witnesses of his trial confessed to ensure that you frequent, who was humble, gracious and charitable. Since he began to have followers, they also began the visits of people attracted by its spiritual conversations. This explains the result of his talks with people from all walks of life, although, in addition to being a layman, was an illiterate. He confined himself to hear the Mass and the Divine Office, and gave vent to his enthusiasm with the Our Father, Hail Mary, the Creed, the Miserere Psalm and a few others who knew. His spiritual heritage was reduced to the Christian education received in the family home, listened to speeches after his conversion and the memory of the texts of Sacred Scripture, which he repeated in his conversations. This small capital doctrine is enriched with the exercise of Christian virtues and intimacy with God His institute is spread in different parts, but not having any of the rules approved, its use did in Rome, obtaining it was given the Rule of St. Augustine. When there were now about seventy years old, wanted to put in stronger hands the direction of its communities. Thus, he could spend more time in the last ten years, to contemplation. In early October of 1249 with some disciples began their journey to Mantua. Here come the retired in the hermitage of S. Agnes in Porto, where he died on 16 of the same month.

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S.Giulia della Rena in Rome

She was born in Tuscany, near Certaldo, around 1320, a family of noble origin, but decayed. Orphaned at a young age, he entered the service of Tinolfi in nearby Florence, where, coming into contact with the Augustinians and their spirituality, dressed, not yet twenty years old, the age-old habit of the Augustinians. Feeling brought to a choice of more radical and austere life, in the full flower of his life, he decided to leave the city and take refuge in a lonely place. He returned to Certaldo taking accommodation in a small room at the Augustinian church of SS Michael and James. Were previously open two small windows, one corresponding to the church to attend religious functions, the other outwards to receive the food that would have sent the popular piety. He placed a crucifix on a wall, and then, solemnly, a construction worker outside the walled entrance.

Never leave his little "hermitage". Like the inmates, segregated from the world will live for a period of about thirty years, going way down the long road of asceticism and mysticism. Penance and prayer will be his daily chores. To keep her alive thought the peasants of Certaldo and surroundings. It tells the popular tradition that the children ran to his aid many, bringing them something to eat and Julia, grateful and smiling, they reciprocate with fresh flowers all year round. Nothing more is known about her except that he was much revered by his countrymen for the life of piety lived before their eyes. He died around the year 1370. His cult developed immediately after his passing, because already in 1372 was the dedication of an altar in the same church where she had lived and where he had buried her body. Since 1506, the town contributed to Certaldo party in honor of the Blessed, whose protection was attributed to several times the release from infection and plague. His mortal remains are venerated in the church of Sts Certaldo Michael and James, who was once the Augustinians. His worship from time immemorial was confirmed by Pius VII in 1819. He was born in choirs, in Latium, in the first half of 1300. He joined as a young man in the room between the Augustinian convent of St. Augustine, became Prior and later distinguished himself for his dowry of preacher and the spirit of penance. As he left us a short but lively praise the famous compatriot Ambrose Massari, who was Prior General of the Augustinian Order from 1476 to 1485 and was related to 1ui.
He died in 1392.

His cult was approved by Leo XIII, February 1, 1888. Peter Becchetti consecrated to the Lord in the convent of St. Augustine in Fabriano (Ancona) in sec. XIV. His life of prayer, study of Scripture and theology and preaching becomes the Order, organized a few years ago (1226) as a mendicant order, example and lifestyle.In 1385 he studied in Padua for the degree of player in 1388 and teaches at the University of Rimini Augustinian, Master of Sacred Theology, he was appointed professor in Venice. From this city undertakes a pilgrimage to Jerusalem for his singular devotion to the passion of the Lord. Back in Fabriano built near the church of the Augustinians a chapel similar to the Holy Sepulcher of Jerusalem. On 20 February 1421 the Father General Bartholomew wrote him a letter from Venice. He died in Fabriano and his mortal remains, along with those of his cousin b. John, are exposed for public veneration of the faithful in the church of St. Augustine. Pope Gregory XVI confirmed the cult of the cousins ??Bb. Peter and John Becchetti and the Augustinian Order in 1835 commemorates them on June 2.

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S.Girolamo in Rome

The life of Blessed Jerome of Recanati, despite numerous attempts by scholars to place him on a date at least probable, are not yet succeeded. He lived probably in the wake of St. Nicholas of Tolentino (1254-1305), like so many blessed Marches, but his reputation for holiness not crossed the boundaries of the Marches and local historians have pointed out the extraordinary facts neglecting any reference to concrete historical. He lived in the Augustinian convent of Recanati (Macerata), where he died March 12, 1350. He distinguished himself as a man of peace in those times of violence and murder. In fact, to remember and imitate the holy fellow, during the feast of the b. Jerome, until the early years of last century will elect some people who would be peacemakers in disputes born in the town of Recanati.

Pius VII in 1804 confirmed the cult of the Blessed, whose mortal remains are venerated in the church of St. Augustine in Recanati. He was born in Cortona around 1320. Still a teenager, due to discord city, was forced into exile in Mantua, where, in 1336, he entered the Augustinian convent of S. Agnes. Back home in 1354, the b. Ugolino is consecrated to God in the "young" Augustinian Order, ordered by Pope Alexander IV as a union of groups of hermits living in the spirituality of St. Augustine cenobitic. It then receives specific training in understanding the sanctity of life, love to study, especially of Scripture, the commitment to evangelization and spiritual and cultural formation, in search of solitude, asceticism, prayer and penance. After a singular commitment to the apostolate, the b, Ugolino spent the last years of his life in the solitude of a hermitage. He died in 1367. His cult was confirmed by Pope Pius VII in 1804. His mortal remains are venerated in the church of Sant 'Agostino in Cortona. His liturgical memorial on March 22.

The first author who wrote about life and devotion to the B. William was his compatriot Nicolas Bertran De Tholosanorum gestis in print in 1515, where he gathered traditions and very likely some tolosane written report. According to this source, William was born in Toulouse in France around 1297 within a noble family and the age of nineteen he entered the Augustinians of his hometown. Sent to Paris to continue his studies, he obtained the title of reader in theology. To return to his province of origin, was in charge of preaching and soon gained fame as a speaker, spiritual director, who knows the heart and promoter of devotion to the souls in purgatory. Life reports that his favorite activity was "to pray or to contemplate or talk about God," describes his zeal, his strict fasting and fighting with the devil, in person and as an exorcist. Reports also large and various miracles performed before and after death. Except for a brief period in which he was Prior of the convent of Pamiers, it seems that most of his life after returning from studying in Paris took place in the convent in the district of Toulouse Saint'Etienne, where in those days, just in 1341, was celebrated the General Chapter of the Order of St. Augustine. Considered by all saint died May 18, 1369 in Toulouse.

He was buried in the convent cemetery, as was usual, but a few days later, regarded the veneration of the people, mindful of his virtues and grateful for the graces obtained through her intercession, was necessary to transfer the church to a place more worthy and accessible to the devotion of the faithful.
Pope Leo XIII confirmed the cult in 1893.

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S.Giovanni Becchetti in Rome

John Becchetti consecrated to the Lord in the convent of St. Augustine in Fabriano (Ancona) in the fourteenth century. His life of prayer, study of Scripture and theology and preaching becomes the Order, organized a few years ago (1226) as a mendicant order, example and lifestyle. John, with the title of bachelor, taught in 1385 in the General Study of Rimini. Him the Father General Bartholomew writes from Venice, which is "recommended for the reputation of science and life." That same year he was sent to study at Oxford where he obtained the degree of Master in Theology. In 1391 he was in Italy and the following year, Regent Augustinian Study of Perugia. Father General wrote him a letter May 7, 1420.
He died in Fabriano and his remains, together with those of his cousin b. Peter Becchetti, are exposed for public veneration of the faithful in the church of St. Augustine.
Pope Gregory XVI confirmed the cult of the cousins Bb. Becchetti John and Peter in 1835 and the Augustinian Order commemorates them on June 2.

He was born in Lagos (Algarve), in southern Portugal in 1360 approx. Son of fishermen and fisherman himself, while visiting St. Augustine a church in Lisbon, he felt the call to monastic life. In 1380 he entered the Augustinian habit. He soon distinguished himself for the love of study, though, a spirit of humility, despite the undoubted ability, he would not accept the teaching of theology. Became a priest, was very popular both as a preacher for the cure of souls. Devoted herself to teaching the truths of faith to the most humble and ignorant, especially children. Prior elected several times - the greatest interest and most important monasteries of the Portuguese Province, such as Lisbon and Santarem - wherever he showed great zeal for regular observance. He was gifted as a calligrapher, illuminator and composer of sacred songs, but not disdain to make even the most menial jobs such as cook or caretaker, if necessary. Great was his spirit of piety, very lively sense of asceticism.
In 1412 he was elected Prior of Torres Vedras, a town not far from Lisbon, where he remained until the end of his days. Here he continued to play his tireless work in religious, social and educational, alleviating the sufferings of the poor, who had for him a filial affection. He died October 15, 1422 and was buried in the monastery church of Torres Vedras, dedicated to Our Lady of Grace. Already revered as a saint during his lifetime, his cult grew after his death. The memory of the b. remains still very much alive among his countrymen who call upon him as protector of seafarers and patron of youth. His cult was confirmed by Pius VI in 1778. His liturgical memorial is October 14.

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S.Bonifacio in Rome

Received baptism from St. Ambrose, in Milan, in 387 s. Augustine returned to Africa to implement its plan to monastic life. "Upon receiving the baptismal grace - is his biographer, s. Possidius says that - decided to return with his friends and fellow citizens, postisi like him to serve God in Africa, to their homes and their fields. There he released after his goods, lived there about three years, and lived for God with those who had joined him in fasting, prayer, good deeds, in the meditations, night and day, the law of the Lord. Even when he became bishop in 395, and then throughout their lives, lived from Monaco, while haunted by the many pastoral pursuits and propagated by every means the religious life throughout Africa Christian.

At his death in 430, the biographer continues, "Augustine Church left the monasteries and convents, full of servants of God, with their superiors, along with well-stocked libraries of books." The first Roman invasion of Africa by the Vandals and the Arabs destroyed the Augustinian monastic foundations. Among the monasteries that the African-inspired considers fundamentally Augustinian Order, is of particular importance to Gafsa in Tunisia for the martyrdom of his religious deacon Boniface, Abbot Freed, Severus, Rustic, Rogato, Septimus and Maximus monks. Following the edict issued in 484 by King Unnerico ordering delivery from the Moors of the monasteries and their inhabitants, the seven men of that monastery were imprisoned and, after having endured bitter trials, were martyred in Carthage, offering a great example of faith and fraternal union. Their celebration was awarded the Order on June 6 1671st the liturgical memorial on August 26.The life we ??are told by Life Fulgencio S. Shining, composed in 533 and attributed to his disciple, the Carthaginian deacon Ferrando, who died in 546 or so.

He came from the wealthy family of Roman Gordian settled in Carthage, and was born here in 467. Mariana's mother cared for with diligence the Christian education and cultural development of his two sons, and F. soon proved especially lively intelligence and a good memory even at a young age by his mother was put in charge of managing the administration of family property, and soon he was given the post of procurator of his province taxes. He had secured a comfortable life, devoted to the care of earthly goods and not without sophistication. His faith and love for the study, however, kept him well anchored to the study of the Bible, and it was this reading to make him a saint born in the heart of concerns about the conduct of life slowly began to move away from worldly life and its circle of friends. The final step, however, only came after the reading of Augustine's commentary on Psalm 36, which convinced him to give himself completely to asceticism: he wore the monastic habit at first to live at home while remaining devoted to the common family and administrative occupations, and then completing the gift of himself and entered the monastery of Fausto, where F. laid the foundations of his ascetic setting.
The persecution of Unnerico Fausto did disperse the community, and F. is inserted in a nearby monastery, the Abbot Felice, which gradually became trusted collaborator, to divide the abbey authorities. The continuous invasions and pitfalls of the Aryans also forced the community of Happy in constant movement: Fulgentius was imprisoned with his brother, and after their release had to tackle other adventures.

Attracted by the perfect solitude of the desert by reading the works of Cassian, he traveled to Egypt, but was dissuaded from his purpose for the heresies that snaked in the land of hermits. He spent a pilgrim to Rome relations with famous people and shook with the later of which they establish a correspondence. He was ordained a bishop in 502 Scrapers. He was exiled twice in Sardinia. He founded monasteries at home and in exile and was always torn between the life cenobitic and the yearning for total solitude. From his writings reflected his passion for Augustine's thought: his ideal of monastic life harks back 'to the point that to be called Augustinian "Augustinus breviatus". He, like Augustine, ruled his small diocese of graders on the monastic style. In fact, the cathedral church had erected a new monastery, where he lived in poverty, devoting much of his time to prayer and to the composition of choral works, doctrinal and pastoral. Father and shepherd of his flock, and donate all its revenue to the poor. He had strong aptitude for preaching: it is said that the bishop of Carthage, in the basilica of hearing him preach Furnos, wept with emotion. He died in the first graders' January 527. The Augustinian Order celebrates his feast (now set at January 3) at least since 1581.

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Laici Agostiniani in Rome

Lay Augustinians are baptized, men and women who wish to make their journey of faith following the spirituality of St. Augustine in the Augustinian Family.

They intend to share the same journey of faith, fellowship and evangelism together with the other three dimensions that make up the Augustinian Family: Augustinian friars (priests and brothers), the Augustinian nuns of contemplative life, the Augustinian Sisters of Apostolic Life.

These are the various lay groups existing on Italian territory:

a) Fraternity "Communio". Established by the Prior General in 1992, is a Secular Institute of the Augustinian Order. It is characterized by the taking of vows, according to a Charter right. E 'divided into local fraternities.
b) Third Order of Augustinian. Some ancient TOA groups exist with the same mode of organization before the statute of 1980.
c) Fraternity of the Secular Augustinian or FAS. They are the most recent edition of the Third Order of Augustinian, born after the Statute of 1980, with local fraternity established by decree of the Prior General.
d) Confraternity. Also constituted by the Prior General, are characterized by a particular devotion or service to a particular shrine. Next to an aspect of training and devotion, emphasizing the aspect of the service (liturgical, social ...).
e) Unions Pie. Institutions are similar to those that today are called "prayer groups" linked to a particular devotion. In Italy we find two unions Pie "Augustinian" main:
- The Pious Union of B. M. Our Lady of Good Council, linked to the devotion to Our Lady of Good Counsel of Genazzano. It currently has 33 groups.
- The Pious Union of St. Rita of Cascia. It brings together various groups with different names (the Brotherhood, Pious Union, Association, Group of prayer ...) but with the same bond of devotion to St. Rita. Recently, at the request of the Augustinian Province of Italy, was established by the Holy See the "Pious Union of St. Primary Rita da Cascia "in order to coordinate all the ecclesial groups emerged around the devotion to St. Rita.

f) Other groups Augustinians. There are other groups Augustinian Order bound to follow the spirituality and providing for collaboration: for example the "Friends of St. Augustine "Missionary Association and the Apurimac.

g) The affiliates. The last group consists of Augustinian lay individuals who were "affiliated" to the Order by the Prior General and made partakers of the spiritual goods of the same, because of acquired special merits in favor of the Order itself.

Every person, since she was baptized - reminds us of St. Paul - is called to holiness, without exception. For the Apostle says firmly: "God wants this, that become holy" (1 Thess. 4.3).

"Holiness"! Great word - and unusual today - that we avoid because it scares us. But to put it more simple and understandable, God wants each of us realize the plan which he prepares to everyone, for this life and eternal life.

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Monday, September 26, 2011

Sant'Agostino in Rome

The monasticism of St. Augustine

The earliest traces of the monastic tradition embraced by the Hermits in 1244 can be found immediately after the conversion of Augustine in Milan, and some of his friends when he returned to his native Tagaste, got rid of their possessions and began a life of prayer and study as " servants of God. " Lord, 'that men who live in harmonious unity of the heart come together in one ... We were together with the intention to live together in our holy purpose. We thought the best place for serve and together we went back to Africa (Confessions, IX, 8). Ordained a priest in 391, Augustine got a garden to build a monastery at Hippo for his lay community. Later he wrote a rule for his brothers, inspired by the Christian community of Jerusalem. Before anything else, live together with one heart and one soul, reaching for God (I, 2). Appointed bishop of Hippo, if you choose to live in his episcopal residence, continued to live the common life with his clergy. Following the foundation of a convent in the city pointed out the three forms of Augustinian religious life: men, lay and clergy, and women. The Augustinian ideal spread to other parts of Africa. Several monks were ordained bishops and religious life spread well in other local churches. In Africa the fifth century the monasteries of Augustinian inspiration were about thirty-five.
Between 430 and 570 that lifestyle was made known in Europe by monks and priests who fled to escape the persecution of the Vandals. Around 440, Carthage Quodvultdeus settled in Italy, near Naples. In 502, San Fulgencio graders came from Sardinia. Donato and seventy monks popularized it in southern Spain around 570, and some monks may even reached France.

The abundance of ancient codices containing the Rule of St. Augustine shows the continued interest that it aroused in the Middle Ages. Nevertheless, for over three centuries, was overshadowed by other rules, in particular from that of S. Benedict. The Rule of St. Augustine reappears in practice in eleventh century as the basis for the reform of monasteries and cathedral chapters. It was adopted by the Canons Regular of St. Victor in Paris, and by the Lateran Canons Premonstratensians.

The origins

The December 16, 1243 Pope Innocent IV issued the bull incumbit nobis with the many inviting community of hermits of Tuscia to come together to form a single religious order with the rule and way of life of St. Augustine. In March the following year, 1244, the hermits founded a chapter celebrated in Rome under the guidance of Cardinal Richard Annibaldi and thus began the history of the Order of St. Augustine.
The Pope ordered the Tuscan hermits to elect a prior general and to draft constitutions. Since then became known as the Hermits of the Order of St. Augustine.

The Great Union of 1256

Further developments in the formation of the Order there were 9 April 1256 with the Bull of Pope Alexander catholicae Licet Ecclesiae IV. The pope confirmed the union of the Hermits of John the Good (Rule of St. Augustine, 1225), the Hermits of Tuscia, the Hermits of St. William (Benedictine Rule), the Hermits of Brettino (Rule of St. Augustine, 1228), the Hermits of Monte Favale (Benedictine Rule), and other smaller congregations in the only profession and regular observance of the Order of Hermits of St. Augustine.
The Great Union took place at the monastery of hermits Tuscan S. Maria del Popolo, under the direction of Cardinal Annibaldi, with delegates from all hermitages. Settle Lanfranc of Milan, a former superior of the Hermits of John the Good, he was elected prior general of the Order which included 180 convents in Italy, Austria, Germany, Switzerland, the Netherlands, France, Spain, Portugal, Hungary, Bohemia and England.

The union of 1256 represented a major step in reforming the religious life of the Church. With it, the pope intended to end the confusion caused by the excessive number of small religious groups, channeling the spiritual energy in the apostolate of prayer and pastoral care, in the context of the ongoing development of European cities. The well entered the Augustinian friars Mendicant together with the Dominicans, Franciscans and others.
The thirteenth-century mendicant movement represented a revolutionary response to a revolutionary situation. The unity of the Church was again threatened by heresy. New challenges arose from the economic and cultural changes in society. The brothers were invited to enter the emerging commercial centers, to preach to the growing number of emerging classes, and to spread the spirituality of the Gospel among the people.
The spiritual identity of the Order thus had two bases. The first was the person of St. Augustine, which had included the idea of religious life, in particular the importance of inner search for God and community life. The second was the mendicant movement, through which the Order of St. Augustine was among the Orders of the apostolic fraternity.

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Istituto Augustinianum in Rome

The origins

The Institutum Patristicum Augustinianum of Rome, in cultivating the sacred sciences, especially the Fathers of the Church, to St. Augustine and his inheritance and moves in the centuries-old tradition of the Augustinian Order, which, since its founded by the Holy See during the thirteenth century, has always paid special attention to the studies. The Augustinian tilled the sacred disciplines so hard that, already in the last decades of the century that saw them born, were in Paris and other major universities in Europe a leading position (see Constitutiones Fratrum Sancti Augustini Eremitarum, Regensburg 1290, c. 36; F. Eherle, the oldest statutes of the theological faculty of the University of Bologna, Bologna, 1932, p. XCIV). The Patristic Institute is the direct continuation of the Studium Generale Romanum was built in the fourteenth century at the monastery of St. Agostino in Campo Marzio, which, from the sixteenth century, was annexed to the famous Angelica Library, founded by the erudite Augustinian Angelo Rocca from Arcevia (1545 - 1620), titular bishop of the prefect of the Shrine Thagaste and Apostolic.

In 1882, following the suppression of the convent of S. Augustine (1873), former seat of the General Curia of the Order, and forfeited by the Italian State the Biblioteca Angelica, the Augustinian Prior General and his curia moved together with the annexed Order study center to its present location, the old Renaissance Villa Cesi family which is adjacent to the colonnade of St. Peter's Square, giving rise to a new season of study. This commitment was recognized by the Apostolic See in 1908, under the pontificate of St. Pius X granted to the "Augustinian College International in Santa Monica" the faculties of Theology and Canon Law and to grant academic degrees [cf. Analecta Augustinian 2 (1907-1908), 473-474].
On 29 September 1965 in the "International College St. Monica ", Via Paolo VI (formerly the Holy Office), nc 25, Rome, was established the "Study Augustinian Theology", annexed to the Faculty of Sacred Theology at the Pontifical Lateran University by decree Prot N. 2250/61/20 then the Sacred Congregation of Seminaries and Universities (now the Congregation for Catholic Education). The same congregation approved the Statutes of Studio 6 November 1965 (Protocol No. 2250/61/31).

2. The foundation and the awards of the Institute

The "Theological Augustine", after various vicissitudes, now is the current academic structure Augustinian Patristic Institute, with the power to grant the following academic degrees: Bachelor of Divinity; License and Doctorate in Theology and Patristic; for graduates that are not three years from the institutional church theology is the degree of

Doctor of Science License and Patristic.

On February 14, 1969 was founded the Augustinian Institutum Patristicum and the Congregation for Catholic Education nor ratified the creation by decree of 17 February 1969 (Protocol No. 184/69). The canonical erection of the same date to July 25, 1969, by decree of the Congregation (Prot No. 184/69/14). Augustinian Patristic Institute at the grand opening, May 4, 1970, feast of St. Monica, wanted to intervene personally, the Holy Father Paul VI. The Congregation for Catholic Education, by decree of 26 May 1972 (Protocol No. 184/69/51), gave the order to preserve the basic cycle as part of the theological faculty of theology at the Pontifical Lateran University. The Congregation for Catholic Education, by decree of 4 May 1973 (Protocol No. 184/69/66), to approve the Statutes of the experimentally Augustinian Patristic. The statutes were reformed for the first time in May 1980 and approved October 29, 1981 by the Congregation for Catholic Education (Protocol No. 809/79). Later, the Congregation for Catholic Education has carried out a new reform in March 1989 and final approval June 5, 1989 (Protocol No. 809/79/15).

The Augustinian Patristic Institute is one of three highly specialized centers, with Alphonsus Academy and Claretianum, operating within the Faculty of Theology at the Pontifical Lateran University.

The same Congregation for Catholic Education, the Instruction on the study of the Fathers of the Church in Priestly Formation (November 10, 1989), noting that those called to the teaching of theology and Patristics Patrologia institutes of priestly formation must achieve grades academic institutes that specialize in these disciplines, indicates how the Augustinian school of specialization built specifically for this purpose (IV, 4).
The Augustinian Patristic Institute has been counted, for agreements between the Apostolic See and the Italian Republic (Ministry of Education, Prot No. 30329 / 2282 / GL; Circular No. 259, Annex B, 6 b), including Higher Institutes of Religious Sciences dependent on the Congregation for Catholic Education. Under the current legislation in Italy (Art. 10, Law 2della 25.III.1985, No. 121, published in Ordinary Supplement to Official Gazette No. 85, April 10, 1985 and Decree of President of the Republic, February 2, 1994 , No. 175, published in the Official Gazette No. 62, March 16, 1994), after the formalities required by the ecclesiastical and civil authorities, the ecclesiastical degrees are recognized by the Italian state and allow access to contests and state examinations or qualifying courses for the attainment of approval or suitability for teaching (L. 19.1.1942, No. 86, D. Leg. vo 16.4.1994, n. 297).

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Tuesday, September 20, 2011

Ordine Sant'Agostino in Rome

The Order of Sant 'Agostino as the spiritual father of the holy Bishop of Hippo Augustine (354 - 430), was established in 1244 to live and promote the spirit of the community as he had lived from the early Christian community (cf. Acts 4 0.32 to 35).

There are many ways to present the Augustinian Order, its nature, its history, its mission and charisma. First, the Augustinian Order is made up of people, men and women who follow the teaching of the Rule which they profess, "live together in harmony, with one soul and one heart reaching for God." We are Christians who, attracted by the example and teaching of St. Augustine, we walk together, to build our house and serve the People of God OSA-Int is a publication of the General Curia in order to bring to the attention of the members of the Order, as well as the wider Augustinian Family, friends and collaborators, the life, works, and activities of the Augustinians in the whole world. The announcement is an essential element of evangelization and thus an integral aspect of our heritage beggar. It is also one of the means by which the lives and activities of the brothers and sisters do you know - so an instrument of understanding and communion. OSA Interactive, formerly known as OSA International, was begun in 1972, and is now published several times a year in five languages.

The Order of St. Augustine is formed by:

a)), monks, novices and professed, members of the various constituencies of the Order;
b) contemplative Augustinian nuns, belonging to the monasteries of the Order;
c) lay members of the Fraternity of the Secular Augustinian Prior General from legitimately erected.

These three branches, according to the decrees of the Constitutions and statutes that govern them, are subject to the Prior General, who has the power to erect and suppress the community and fraternity, and also to provide for the drafting and approval of the Constitutions and Statutes.
The Augustinian Family includes, besides these three branches, other groups:
a) Religious Institutes of men and women, formally aggregated to the Order, by decree of the Prior General;
b) other groups of lay Augustinians (Const. No. 49);
c) faithful affiliated to the Order (Const. No. 50).

The union of the Order with all these groups is a spiritual union of mutually beneficial cooperation. All these, united by a close spiritual bond, form one body under one father, S. Augustine, followed by similar liturgical rites and take part in almost the same spiritual benefits, but above all pursue the same purpose or ideal, that "the edification of the Body of Christ" (Eph. 4, 12) with one soul and one heart reaching out to God

Many religious families over the centuries have willingly embraced the Rule of St. P. Augustine. Some have been named after him and seek to imitate the standard of living; other hand, are committed simply to lead a life of his rule. Our Order is joined to all these institutions with a bond of brotherhood bond that want to continue to strengthen. On the other hand, the Order intends to forge partnership with other particular religious families who are inspired by the spirituality of St. Augustine. Similarly, in order to be consistent with its tradition, the Order seeks to strengthen ties with a particular commitment to the ancient with the mendicant orders, or apostolic fraternity.

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Historical information about the Parrocchia Sant'Anna in Rome

The interior plan of the church is elliptical in shape (Fig. 7). The entrance and the altar can be found at both ends of the major axis, but outside the perimeter of the ellipse, as well as the two side chapels at the ends of the minor axis. With this measure, the elliptical shape, not being interrupted, is strongly highlighted in the purity of line, but at the same time, the indentations which make up the sanctuary and the chapels give variety of lines and create textured surfaces of objects and recesses from areas in full light and shaded areas, not only in the plant but also in 'raised (Fig. 8).

S. Anna is the first example of the Grooms of the church in Rome to elliptical. The new form was so successful that got taken in many other places of worship of the late Renaissance and the Baroque period, such as chapels of S. Giovanni dei Fiorentini in Via Giulia, the side apses of the Sforza Chapel, S. Andrea al Quirinale, S. Carlo alle Quattro Fontane. The same Barozzi in 1550 had already addressed the oval shape in the church of S. Andrea in Via Flaminia, where affixed to the rectangular building once elliptical. Then, in 1559, built the chapel in the Belvedere Courtyard, the ellipse was from those applied by the decision to the plant, inserting it in a rectangular perimeter wall.

How, then, see, S. Anne of the Grooms is the point in an evolutionary path of the taste and the concept of space, which, through intermediate stages of research in the relationship between form and effect of light, comes to the discovery of an architectural form, widely adopted in imperial Rome: the sphere or ellipse placed in a rectangle. Holds for all the example of the Pantheon. And the same is repeated in the spatial effect of these buildings Vignola and his followers outside the plant perimeter structural strictly adheres to the canons of a rectangular building, and there is nothing to indicate that the interior can hold surprises. But when the visitor enters a space is totally different, unexpected, in which straight lines disappear entirely, replaced by the triumph of the curved line. This architectural vision inspired by the classical world, however, is not an isolated phenomenon in Renaissance culture, but, as is well known, is part of a general rediscovery of the classics occurred in those centuries.

As already mentioned, the entrance is located at one end of the major axis. The minor axis ends with two chapels. Among the high altar, side chapels and the entrance is dealt four doors surmounted by a pediment, and framed by columns with Corinthian capitals of travertine (Fig. 9). At the top of the dome lowered hovers the dove of the Holy Spirit, from which golden rays radiate in a circle (Fig. 10). On a plinth with a cornice with three strips rests the dome, pierced by eight windows at the base (Fig. 11). Four large arches rise at the ends of the two axes, framing the entrance areas, of 'high altar and the two chapels (Fig. 12). The restricted zone over the main altar is a square, picking up, so that faces the entrance, and is characterized by four arches, which enclose the sides and are a clear counterpoint to those of the oval church. From the top of the lantern dome is raised, the only source of natural light on the altar.

Until the middle of the century. XVIII of the church interior walls were white and travertine columns show the natural color of the stone, according to the custom in force in Renaissance churches. But under the influence of the Baroque style, which since 1600 had directed that he preferred the aesthetic taste for lavish decorations with plenty of gilt and stucco, the interior of this church was suited to this approach, and was entrusted in 1746 the sculptor Giovanni Battista de Rossi responsible for carrying out the stucco angels holding garlands above the door (Fig. 9) and shells that are deluded with festoons hung the four frescoes with scenes from the life of St. Anna, located above the doors in places where previously opened the windows and the refurbishment of six of the eight capitals. The decorator Hannibal rotated cured staining in blue, cream and gray walls. The door jambs were decorated with stucco marble by James Rocchi's de. The gold and silver of some stucco was made by Peter Ricci. Despite the new, rich decoration, the essential lines of the interior were not altered, so that the sixteenth century the church emerges with good evidence.

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Friday, September 16, 2011

Istituto Pontificio di Musica sacra in Rome

The year 2011 recorded a hundred years of activities of the Pontifical Institute of Sacred Music, an institution founded officially as the School of Sacred Music, January 5, 1911 at the express wish of St. Pius X (who soon, July 10, 1914, raised it to papal dignity) and the action determined and convinced of the Jesuit Father Angelo De Santi who was the first headmaster. In celebration of the centenary, the Institute's Academic Council, chaired by Bishop Valentine Miserachs Grau, decided to create a series of cultural events for celebration, with the intention being to show to the outside world his story and to direct around the event a significant representation of international musicology. The scientific process of the project was entrusted to Francesco Luisi, a professor of Semiografia polyphonic and Methodology at the Pontifical Institute of Sacred Music. With this in mind, because the first attempt produced a commemorative volume was inspired by historical and teaching and to meet the second was organized an International Congress of Sacred Music.

The commemorative publication, produced with the participation of representatives of all departments disciplinary Institute (Gregorian chant, composition, choral conducting, musicology), and the heads of the Library and Archives, traces the key stages of an internal history of teaching of sacred music, training and transmission of knowledge who scored a century in business. Those stages have seen the shift from the idea of ??restoration, already supported by the movement Cecilian nineteenth and twentieth centuries, kept aware of the compositional style of polyphonic sacred music in the light of the most authentic tradition. The history of the Pontifical Institute includes famous people, outlining significant albeit critical moments in the becoming of sacred music, the mission emphasizes education and training supported by master composers, choir directors, organists and specialists in Gregorian chant.

But even more decisive action pauses and aware of all the presidents who have guided the Institute with a deep sense of responsibility to serve liturgical music and in close contact with the papal authority. The volume, edited by Francesco Luisi and Antonio Addamiano, is accompanied by a CD made by Nicola Tangari, contains extensive documentation of the life of the Institute and a DVD produced by Federico Del Sordo, in which they are presented with historical detail and live musical performances of all musical instruments with which the Institute. The Congress, which will take place from May 26 to June first, requires the presence of more than 100 scholars, mostly representatives of Italian and foreign universities, addressing a broad spectrum of research and reflection on liturgical music, paraliturgical, sacred and spiritual, from the original formation of the Gregorian chant to the most advanced expressions of art of sacred music of our times. The Congress also provides the performance of three panel discussions at the conclusion of the various study sessions: one devoted to "Music in the Missions" coordinated by Franco Alberto Gallo, the second devoted to "Teaching of sacred music" led by Giuseppina La Face Bianconi; the third is open to discussion on "Music and Liturgy today," led by Raffaele Pozzi.

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Palazzi Vaticani in Rome

Already in the mid-ninth century, the area around the ancient Basilica of St. Peter was acitadel fortified by walls constructed by Leo IV (847-855), the so-called "lion city". Between the end of the thirteenth century and the early decades of the fourteenth century had been built a few buildings around the square courtyard of the parrot said: they will form the nucleus of the Vatican Palace. After the exile of Avignon (1309-1377), it was not until the end of the fifteenth century to see the construction of new buildings, such as the Palaces of Sixtus IV (1471-1484), including the Sistine Chapel, which takes its name from this pope, and those of Innocent VIII (1484-1492), located 300 meters north of the Vatican Basilica. It is thanks to Julius II (1503-1513) and his architect, Donato Bramante, the idea of ??linking the two parts of the palaces built by his predecessors with two longitudinal bodies that contained a grand courtyard divided into three levels. The popes of the sixteenth and seventeenth century continued and enlarged the Vatican palaces. In particular, Sixtus V (1585-1590) must also be the building where the Pope resides at present and from which every Sunday at noon faces (second on the third floor window on the right) to bless the crowd that gathers in the great square .

The Vatican Film Library was established November 16, 1959 by Blessed John XXIII, with the aim of collecting and preserving film about the life of the Church. The archive has about 7000 titles cataloged: historical footage on the popes, the Church's activity, commercial films of particular artistic merit and thematic, topical documentaries. The material in the film, which requires particular climatic conditions, is kept in a special cellarer with a constant temperature of about 16 degrees and humidity at 30%. Among the films in the archive will indicate, among other things "LeoneXIII", built in 1896 on film Lumière, "Pius XI and Marconi," Vatican Radio on the launch of 1931, "Pastor Angelicus", the biography of Pius XII " The Second Vatican Council. " It also reports "The Inferno", a film of 1911 on 'Dante's work, produced by Helios Film of Velletri, in which for the first time the special effects are used in a modern key. 'S last film, is part of the "Fund Joye", a collection dating back to the beginnings of cinema films, given by the Jesuits at the Vatican Film Library. Historians believed that film "Hell" had been lost and it was found in the archives of the Film Library has generated considerable interest from which came a major cultural initiative. Thanks to the contribution of the pharmaceutical company Bayer and Cinecittà Holding, the film has been restored and was made into a DVD for schools.

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Thursday, September 15, 2011

Historical information about Vatican Museums in Rome

Nucleus of the Vatican Museums was the collection of sculptures made by Julius II (1503-1513) and exposed in the so-called "Courtyard of the Statues", today the Octagonal Courtyard. The popes were among the first sovereigns who opened the culture and public art collections of their palaces. In their neat form of art collections in special buildings accessible to the public, Museums and Pontifical Galleries originate from Clement XIV (1769-1774) and Pius VI (1775-1799) who set up and therefore these two popes took the name Museo Pio-Clementino. Pius VII (1800-1823) considerably expanded the collections of Classical Antiquities, adding the Chiaramonti Museum and the New Wing also enriched the Epigraphic Collection housed in the Lapidary Gallery.

Gregory XVI (1831-1846) founded the Etruscan Museum (1837) with the finds from the excavations carried out in southern Etruria from 1828 onwards, the Egyptian Museum (1839) with the Egyptian monuments from explorations in Egypt, together with those who were already in the Vatican and the Capitoline Museum, the Lateran Profane Museum (1844), with statues, bas-reliefs, mosaics from Roman times that they could not find a place in the Vatican Palace. At the Lateran Profane Museum, Pio IX (1846-1878) said in 1854 the Christian Museum, comprising ancient Christian sculptures, especially sarcophagi, and inscriptions. Under the pontificate of St. Pius X (1903-1914), in 1910, was added to the Hebrew Lapidary a section with 137 inscriptions from ancient Hebrew cemeteries in Rome, much of the cemetery on the way Portuense and donated by the Marquisate Pellegrini-Quarantotti. These last collections (Gregorian Profane Museum, Pio Christian Museum and the Hebrew Lapidary) were transferred, under Pope John XXIII (1958-1963), from the Lateran Palace to a new building specially erected in the Vatican in 1970 have been reopened to the public.

The year 2011 recorded a hundred years of activities of the Pontifical Institute of Sacred Music, an institution founded officially as the School of Sacred Music, January 5, 1911 at the express wish of St. Pius X (who soon, July 10, 1914, raised it to papal dignity) and the action determined and convinced of the Jesuit Father Angelo De Santi who was the first headmaster.

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Foundation Populorum Progressio in Rome

Nature and purpose Have already spent a few years since the Holy Father, Pope John Paul II erected the Autonomous Foundation "Populorum Progressio", located in the State of Vatican City, as a gesture of love toward those supportive of the Church in Latin America, are the most neglected and most in need of protection, such as indigenous peoples, mestizo and Afro-American. It has produced many fruits of love and charity. Finality The Pious Foundation was created February 13, 1992, when they celebrated the fifth centenary of the beginning of the evangelization of the American Continent and met the Fourth General Assembly of the Latin. Its purpose was to promote the integral development of communities of farmers (campesinos) and the poorest in Latin America to be a sign and witness dell'anelito Christian brotherhood and genuine solidarity. Falls within its guidelines to work with all those who, aware of the pitiful conditions in which the populations of Latin America, want to contribute to their integral development, in working for the social doctrine of the Church are fair and proper application.

The Fund "Populorum Progressio" Some years earlier, in 1968, Pope Paul VI created the Fund "Populorum Progressio" during his visit to Colombia for the opening of the Second General Conference of Latin America. In a meeting that there had with the campesinos, said: "We know the conditions of your life: conditions of misery for many of you, who are sometimes lower than the normal requirements for human life ... We hear the cry that rises from your suffering ... We wonder what we can do for you. We will continue to defend your cause. We will continue to support initiatives and programs of the responsible authorities, international bodies and countries in favor of wealthy populations in developing countries. We will try the same, within our economic means, to set an example ".

The gesture of the Pope as the fruit was this "Fund", which was to be invested in programs of agrarian reform. The Foundation "Populorum Progressio" made their own, structured and completed, constitutes a single entity. In creating the Foundation "Populorum Progressio," Pope John Paul II invited, like its predecessor, the international community, the institutions and people of good will to redouble their efforts to promote the integral development of the campesinos and indigenous people of Latin America, that are still in a state of underdevelopment. Also invited all the Episcopal Conferences, especially those of developed countries and Latin America itself, to make up a collection among its faithful to do so. It is certainly signaled the generous reception given by the Italian church to this invitation, reception continues. The need persists, and with it, the Pope's appeal does not lose its force. It was found that each year the Foundation distributes among the poor indigenous people and campesinos an amount that approaches the equivalent of capital, that stands out in a field in which decreases in general contributions. This can only happen with the help and generosity of many.

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Daniele Davide, manager of Tredy Sas.

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Wednesday, September 7, 2011

Museum Chiaromonti in Rome

Left atrium to the left of the so-called Armour and crossed the Atrium of the Four Gates, we arrive at the Cortile della Pigna, housed in the Belvedere sixteenth of the space. The latter was designed in 1506 by the architect Donato Bramante, at the behest of Julius II to connect the Palace of Innocent VIII (1484-1492), the Sistine Chapel, built by Sixtus IV (1471-1484). The Courtyard at the time was divided into three areas with different heights, connected by ramps, elegant, and flanked by buildings punctuated by pilasters topped with wide arches. The floor and the side arms were slightly inclined towards the Sistine Chapel, in order to bring up the courtyard, overlooked by those in the papal apartments, even bigger than reality. At the north was expected to finish a large niche perspective flight: it was built, as we see it today in what is called the Cortile della Pigna, in 1565 by the architect Pirro Ligorio, modeled on the dome of the Pantheon. The evocative prints of the first half of the sixteenth century give an idea of ??the festivities and carousels that were held here. At the end of 1500 the Belvedere Court was divided in two by the construction of a cross arm of the Library of Sixtus V (1585-1590). So in 1822 they built a second building cross-called "New Wing" is intended to contain a collection of statues. Today, there are also three open spaces: the Cortile della Pigna, Courtyard of the Library and the Cortile del Belvedere.
Il Cortile della Pigna is so called by a colossal bronze pinecone almost 4 meters high, which in classical times was in Rome near the Pantheon, that gave its name to the "Pigna district" in the Middle Ages was probably brought in ' atrium of the ancient Basilica of St. Peter, moved here in 1608. On either side are two bronze peacocks, with original copies of the second century AD, preserved in the New Wing. At the center of the vast open space are two concentric spheres by sculptor Arnaldo Pomodoro (1990).

The Gardens are the resting place of the Roman Pontiff and meditation since 1279, when Pope Nicholas III (Giovanni Gaetano Orsini, 1277-1280) moved the papal residence from the Lateran to the Vatican. Within the new walls, erected in defense of his residence, the Pope had planted an orchard (pomerium), grass (pratellum) and a real garden (viridarium), as the inscription stone is also reflected in hours kept in the room at the Palace of the Captains of the Conservatives on Capitol Hill. This first unit was built near the hill of St. Giles, where today there is the Belvedere Palace and the courtyards of the Vatican Museums. The area where today begins a visit to the Vatican Gardens is located instead in the most recent part of the state, on which were built new large gardens which, together with those of the original nucleus, they cover about half of the 44 acres upon which extends the Vatican.

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Vatican Courtyards in Rome

Left atrium to the left of the so-called Armour and crossed the Atrium of the Four Gates, we arrive at the Cortile della Pigna, housed in the Belvedere sixteenth of the space.The latter was designed in 1506 by the architect Donato Bramante, at the behest of Julius II to connect the Palace of Innocent VIII (1484-1492), the Sistine Chapel, built by Sixtus IV (1471-1484). The Courtyard at the time was divided into three areas with different heights, connected by ramps, elegant, and flanked by buildings punctuated by pilasters topped with wide arches. The floor and the side arms were slightly inclined towards the Sistine Chapel, in order to bring up the courtyard, overlooked by those in the papal apartments, even bigger than reality. At the north was expected to finish a large niche perspective flight: it was built, as we see it today in what is called the Cortile della Pigna, in 1565 by the architect Pirro Ligorio, modeled on the dome of the Pantheon. The evocative prints of the first half of the sixteenth century give an idea of ??the festivities and carousels that were held here. At the end of 1500 the Belvedere Court was divided in two by the construction of a cross arm of the Library of Sixtus V (1585-1590). So in 1822 they built a second building cross-called "New Wing" is intended to contain a collection of statues. Today, there are also three open spaces: the Cortile della Pigna, Courtyard of the Library and the Cortile del Belvedere.

Il Cortile della Pigna is so called by a colossal bronze pinecone almost 4 meters high, which in classical times was in Rome near the Pantheon, that gave its name to the "Pigna district" in the Middle Ages was probably brought in ' atrium of the ancient Basilica of St. Peter, moved here in 1608. On either side are two bronze peacocks, with original copies of the second century AD, preserved in the New Wing. At the center of the vast open space are two concentric spheres by sculptor Arnaldo Pomodoro (1990).

The visitor who enters for the first time in the Pontifical Villas of Castel Gandolfo certainly can not imagine being faced with substantial remains of one of the most famous ancient villas, the Albanum Domitiani, the magnificent country residence of the emperor Domitian (81 -96 AD), which covers about 14 square kilometers from the Via Appia to include the lake Albano. The Pontifical Villas extend over the remains of the central part of the residence, which included, according to the hypothesis formulated by eminent scholars, the Arx Albana, located at the hill of Castel Gandolfo, where he is now the Papal Palace and that was once the center of Alba Longa.

About the Author

Daniele Davide, manager of Tredy Sas.